头孢匹胺无菌检查方法的建立

目的 建立抗生素类固体原料药头孢匹胺的无菌检查方法。方法 以碳酸钠溶液作为稀释液，采用薄膜过滤法去除头孢匹胺的抗菌活性，按照《中国药典》2015年版无菌检查法进行方法的建立和验证。结果 药典规定的6种标准菌株均在规定时间内正常生长。结论 该方法能有效去除头孢匹胺的抗菌活性，对其相关产品的无菌检查起到较好的参考作用。     

The emerging role of ultrasound in detecting interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of US in the detection of ILD in a cohort of patients with RA.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of RA were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary examination, laboratory data, DLCO measure, chest HRCT and radiographs, and US examination. A healthy group was included as control group. US was performed according the 14-intercostal space scanning protocol using the following semiquantitative scale [0 = normal (≤ 5 B-lines); 1 = slight (≥ 6 and ≤ 15 B-lines); 2 = moderate, (≤ 16 and ≥ 30 B-lines); 3 = severe (≥ 30 B-lines)].ResultsA total of 74 RA patients and 74 healthy controls were included. Thirty of 74 patients (40.5%) showed US signs of ILD with respect to the healthy controls (3 subjects, 4.1%) (P < 0.001); whereas HRCT showed ILD in 27 (36.4%) of 74 patients. Among the 30 patients that showed US findings of ILD, 17 (56.6%) were asymptomatic from respiratory view-point. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 92% and 89% respectively. A positive correlation between US and HRCT findings were found (P < 0.001) whereas no correlation was found with chest radiographs and DLCO findings. Positive association between US findings and DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP and RF (P < 0.01 for each respectively) was found. Feasibility, represented by the mean time spent to perform the pulmonary US assessment was 7.8 minutes (± SD 1.2, range 6 to 10 minutes).ConclusionsOur results support the potential of US in detect accurately ILD in patients with RA and provide a rationale to consider it as a friendly screening tool to be implemented in early phases of the disease.     

P-Values and Power in Orthopedic Research: Myths and Reality

The results of statistical tests in orthopedic studies are typically reported using P-values. If a P-value is smaller than the pre-determined level of significance (eg, < .05), the null hypothesis is rejected in support of the alternative. This automaticity in interpreting statistical results without consideration of the power of the study has been denounced over the years by statisticians, since it can potentially lead to misinterpretation of the study conclusions. In this paper, we review fundamental misconceptions and misinterpretations of P-values and power, along with their connection with confidence intervals, and we provide guidelines to orthopedic researchers for evaluating and reporting study results. We provide real-world orthopedic examples to illustrate the main concepts. Please visit the following https://youtu.be/bdPU4luYmF0 for videos that explain the highlights of the paper in practical terms.     

口腔感染的病原菌分布及药敏情况调查分析

目的分析口腔感染患者病原菌分布及药敏情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法选取口腔感染患者86例作为研究对象,收集口腔分泌物进行病原菌培养,并行药敏实验。结果本组86例患者中,≤15岁、≥56岁口腔感染患者比例较高,分别占30.2%、40.7%。共检出病原菌351株,其中厌氧菌236株,占67.2%,其在厌氧菌中黑色素普氏菌比例最高(50.4%),其次为口腔链球菌(16.5%);需氧菌115株,占32.8%。对苯唑西林、头孢唑肟、庆大霉素、环丙沙星的耐药较高,分别为49.2%、46.6%、42.0%、40.2%;对万古霉素、四环素、头孢曲松的敏感性较高,分别为98.3%、95.8%、93.6%。结论厌氧菌是口腔感染较为常见的菌种,可选用万古霉素、四环素、头孢曲松等敏感性高的药物治疗。     

儿童体位性心动过速综合征的诊断

儿童体位性心动过速综合征（postural tachycardia syndrome， POTS）是儿童时期晕厥最常见的病因之一， 主要表现为体位改变或直立后头晕、 头痛、 心悸、面色改变、视物模糊、 乏力、 晕厥等。通过直立或直立倾斜试验（HUTT）， 可以对儿童体位性心动过速综合征（POTS）作出明确诊断， 从而达到有效的早期治疗， 减少儿童晕厥的发生。